Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for certain cancers, and a clinical trial w
ID: 3126167 • Letter: C
Question
Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for certain cancers, and a clinical trial was conducted to test the efficacy of supplementing chemotherapy with immunotherapy (stimulation of the immune system). Combining the two therapies is believed to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Cancer patients in the trial were randomly assigned to receive either chemotherapy only or a combination of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. a. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for this study (in words, not symbols). (2pt) b. Suppose the null hypothesis was rejected. Which error type would be possible? What would committing this error mean in the context of the study? (2pt) c. Suppose the null hypothesis was not rejected. Which error type would be possible? What would committing this error mean in the context of the study? (2pt)
Explanation / Answer
Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for certain cancers, and a clinical trial was conducted to test the efficacy of supplementing chemotherapy with immunotherapy (stimulation of the immune system). Combining the two therapies is believed to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Cancer patients in the trial were randomly assigned to receive either chemotherapy only or a combination of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
a. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for this study (in words, not symbols). (2pt)
Null hypothesis : chemotherapy and combination of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy are having same effect on cancer treatment.
Alternative hypothesis: : combination of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy are having more effect on cancer treatment than standard treatment(chemotherapy).
b. Suppose the null hypothesis was rejected. Which error type would be possible? What would committing this error mean in the context of the study? (2pt)
Type I error.
When actually the effects are same for chemotherapy and combination of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy groups, we conclude that Combining the two therapies improved the effectiveness of cancer treatment.
c. Suppose the null hypothesis was not rejected. Which error type would be possible? What would committing this error mean in the context of the study? (2pt)
Type II error.
When actually the combination of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy is effective, but we conclude that Combining the two therapies effect is same as standard treatment(chemotherapy).
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