Select a research study (complete with Method, Results, and Discussion sections)

Question

Select a research study (complete with Method, Results, and Discussion sections).

In 750-1,000 words, analyze the article.

1.List the research question(s)/hypothesis being considered in the article.

2.Summarize the study being conducted, including the purpose of the study.

3.Describe the method and design used to test the research question(s)/hypothesis, including:

        Discuss if you believe the method and design was the correct method and design for the study. If not what would your suggestion for method and design be.

        Describe the variables, how they were defined and operationalized.

1.Discuss if the study is ethically sound. Why or why not. What elements are present, or lacking, to show it is ethically sound. Include at least two to four scholarly sources.

Explanation / Answer

1) The hypothesis includes the analysis of the topic " nurse counseling for the adverse affects of smoking on the human body" and the damage caused to the lungs and other organs due to the deposition of the carcinogenic chemicals in the smoke like nicotine, pyridine which can cause cancer. The statistical study includes the groups of people with the inhalation of the cigarette , time and duration of the cigarette smoke, the intensity and the constituents of the smoke, and the rehabilitation factors required for the cessation of the smoking, the concentration of the deposited factors in the smoke. The self regulation theory includes the study where the patient is counselled about the harmful effects of the smoking. The demographic factors for the study included the age, sex, marital status, height, weight, race, ethnicity, and the basal metabolic index of the groups of the patients under statistical survey study. The other factors include the intensity of pain and the disabilities developed in the patients. The chronic and the adverse effects of the cigarette smoke on the organs was studied in detail.

2) The study of the effects of the pain relieving drugs on the body of the patients as prescribed by the physician and given by the nurse. The study of the dependent and the independent variables like X and Y, the association of X with Y, the relationship of X with Y and the study of their values in X and Y. The study includes the different methods of relieving the pain in the patient by given medication in different forms. The independent variables are changed to study the effects of the different values on the intensity and perception of the pain in the human body. The analysis was done for the nurse controlled and the patient controlled effects of the analgesia on the human body. Y is the dependent variable and X is the independent variable. The groups include the experimental ,correlational and the comparative groups for the analysis of the effects of the pain on the body. It was studied ahead in females in situations of pregnancy and the effect of smoking on the health of the child inside the uterus of the mother. The chances of developing other infections like HIV, hepatitis and congenital diseases of the new born.

3) STATISTICAL PROBABILITY--The probability analysis was done for the ratio of the number of patients getting affected by smoking. The mean,mode, median, correlation and regression values were calculated from the bar graphs and histograms. The analysis of the covariance, variance, ANOVA, testing of the significance of the hypothesis, students t test, F test, chi-square analysis can be done with the help of SAS statistical softwares for the analysis of the values and understanding of the normal distribution curves. The other factors which can cause the occurrence of the lung disease and cancer includes the occupational diseases and the deposition of the metals in the lungs like asbestos.

3)a) The method used for statistical testing includes the experimental hypothesis and statistical hypothesis. The exeprimental hypothesis gives the experimental outcomes of the variables used for testing the hypothesis. It consists of the analysis of the outcome of the values used for analyzing the outcome of the variables. The monitoring of the patients, the analysis of blood pressure and the type of methods used for injecting the medicine like drip chamber method, cannula method, intavenous method or the electronic meter method of injecting the medicines in the body of the patient. The use of saline or glucose drips for injecting the metabolites in the body of the patient.

3)b)The statistical hypothesis analyzes the values of X and Y which are independent of each other. The values X1 , X2 ,X3 and X4 are independent of the values of Y and are used in expressions to derive the mean error , root square error and standard deviation of the values along with matrix model testing values, linear variables and equations , curve fitting and analysis. DIrectional hypothesis studies the significance, direction and nature of the hypothesis which respect to the outcome of the hypothesis and its significance. Nondirectional hypothesis there is no relationship between the values and the analysis and there is no direction between the values of X and Y. The X can be positively related to Y, negatively related to Y, greater than Y or less than Y. The PICOT method is used for the analysis of the siginificance of the values used for testing like population, outcome, comparison outcome and intervention and time and duration of the experiment.

1) The studies can be ethically sound if the testimonial is taken before the collection of the samples or the versions from the people that the name, religion, caste and the prevalence of the diseases will not be revealed in the scientific study with signatory sanctimony from the conducting organization before the sample survey. The study will not harm the religion, race and ethnicity of the students or the groups on which the testing was carried out. The report should be justified without manipulations and bias, should not break the rules and regulations of the testing organization, personal confidentiality should be there, justice with proper organization and mutual consent. There should be minimum harm to the volunteers with preservation of their integrity and maintainance of the agreements and abidance by the laws according to the society.

References--

1)Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice American Statistical Association Prepared by the Committee on Professional Ethics Approved by the Board of Directors, August 7, 1999 .

2)Research governance: ethical issues Anne Slowther1 Petra Boynton2 Sara Shaw3--J R Soc Med 2006;99:65–72.

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