Biology and Genetics

a) How are X-linked genes inherited in humans? Be able to use this information t

a) How are X-linked genes inherited in humans? Be able to use this information to perform monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and to interpret pedigrees. (SHOW WORK & EXPLAIN) b) …

a) How many different 8-mer sequences of DNA are there? (Hint: There are 16 poss

a) How many different 8-mer sequences of DNA are there? (Hint: There are 16 possible dinucleotides and 64 possible trinucleotides.) We can quantify the information-carrying capaci…

a) How many stereogenic centers are in progesterone? b) How many chiral stereois

a) How many stereogenic centers are in progesterone? b) How many chiral stereoisomers can be drawn forCH3CHClCHBrCH3 c)How many stereoisomers can be obtained from themonobrominati…

a) How many transmembrane alpha helices do you believe this protein could have?

a) How many transmembrane alpha helices do you believe this protein could have? Indicate the residue numbers of each of those transmembrane helices or that no transmembrane helice…

a) Hox genes appear on the chromosome in the same order in which they are expres

a) Hox genes appear on the chromosome in the same order in which they are expressed in the embryo. What is the significance of this? b) Which cell-level developmental processes ca…

a) Identify two special health conditions where nutrition recommendations from t

a) Identify two special health conditions where nutrition recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines may not apply. b) Revise the Dietary Guidelines recommendations to include th…

a) If 600 progeny were produced, determine the phenotypes and proportions of eac

a) If 600 progeny were produced, determine the phenotypes and proportions of each progeny/phenotype combination of these progeny b) Is the F1 individuals chromosome pair in cis or…

a) If Na+ could suddenly move freely in either direction through the membrane, w

a) If Na+ could suddenly move freely in either direction through the membrane, which direction would it go? Explain you reasoning (Hint: there are 2 reasons). b)If Na+ did move as…

a) If Na+ could suddenly move freely in either direction through the membrane, w

a) If Na+ could suddenly move freely in either direction through the membrane, which direction would it go? Explain you reasoning (Hint: there are 2 reasons). b)If Na+ did move as…

a) If a child is born with the blood type AB+, and one of its parents is A-, wha

a) If a child is born with the blood type AB+, and one of its parents is A-, what type blood would the other parent probably have ? Why does the answer you provided make sense? b)…

a) If a mutant grows well on YPD but fails to grow on the YPD+H2O2 plate, what c

a) If a mutant grows well on YPD but fails to grow on the YPD+H2O2 plate, what can you predict about the function of the gene that is mutated with respect to the stress response a…

a) If an unknown solid weighs 84.0 grams and occupies 30.0cm 3 of space, what is

a) If an unknown solid weighs 84.0 grams and occupies 30.0cm3 of space, what is its density? b) What is the mass of a liquid having a density of 1.50 g/mland volume of 3.5 liters?…

a) If the “vitamins and cofactors” pathways became dysfunctional, would this aff

a) If the “vitamins and cofactors” pathways became dysfunctional, would this affect aerobic respiration? and How? b) Where on the graph (which pathway) does the bulk of ATP biosyn…

a) In DNA microarrays, the typical probe is ~20 nucleotides. Describe the effect

a) In DNA microarrays, the typical probe is ~20 nucleotides. Describe the effects of using a shorter probe on the sensitivity and selectivity of an analysis.(1 sentence each) Sens…

a) In DNA microarrays, the typical probe is~20 nucleotides. Describe the effects

a) In DNA microarrays, the typical probe is~20 nucleotides. Describe the effects of using a shorter probe on the sensitivity and selectivity of an analysis. (1 sentence each) Sens…

a) In a randomly mating laboratory population of Drosophila, 9% of the flies hav

a) In a randomly mating laboratory population of Drosophila, 9% of the flies have black bodies (encoded by the autosomal recessive ebonygene) rather than the wild-type tan colour.…

a) In horses, chestnut ( ‘HBHB’ ) and white ( ‘HWHW’ ) coat colours represent ho

a) In horses, chestnut (‘HBHB’) and white (‘HWHW’) coat colours represent homozygous genotypes constituted by autosomal alleles that are codominant. Heterozygous horses have a ble…

a) In multipass membrane proteins synthesized in association with membrane-bound

a) In multipass membrane proteins synthesized in association with membrane-bounded ribosomes of the rough ER, signal-anchor and stop transfer anchor sequences alternate. What do t…

a) In the UK, first generation bioethanol is mostly produced from feed wheat. If

a) In the UK, first generation bioethanol is mostly produced from feed wheat. If feed wheat is composed of approximately 80% starch, roughly how much feed wheat is needed to produ…

a) In the brain, neuron 1 releases the neurotransmitter GABA and neuron 2 releas

a) In the brain, neuron 1 releases the neurotransmitter GABA and neuron 2 releases glutamate. Neuron 2 contains GABAA receptors and neuron 3 contains AMPA receptors and releases a…

a) In the context of ecological stability, define in your own words what the con

a) In the context of ecological stability, define in your own words what the concepts of resistance and resilience mean. b) Give a brief description of a field study that showed t…

a) In the muscle, although hexokinase is the first irreversible step in glycolys

a) In the muscle, although hexokinase is the first irreversible step in glycolysis, phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) is the primary point of regulation and the first committed step. Pl…

a) Increase;, decreases b) Decreases, decreases c) decreases;, increases d) Both

a) Increase;, decreases b) Decreases, decreases c) decreases;, increases d) Both remain about the same regardless of alitude 2, The zero point for determining lines of latitudethe…

a) List the sequence of geologic events recorded by relationships on the map. b)

a) List the sequence of geologic events recorded by relationships on the map. b) Determine the orientation of i) the fault; ii) contacts in the hanging wall of the fault; iii) the…

a) Make a gain-of-function mutation in an inhibitor or an inducer of the pathway

a) Make a gain-of-function mutation in an inhibitor or an inducer of the pathway b) Make a loss-of-function mutation in an inducer of the pathway or make a gain-of-function in an …

a) Make a table of seismic wave types. For each, explain where it travels, and g

a) Make a table of seismic wave types. For each, explain where it travels, and give a simple description of how it moves. Rank the wave types by destructive power. b) Give ranges …

a) Many bacteria are capable of producing pigments. For example, Serratia marces

a) Many bacteria are capable of producing pigments. For example, Serratia marcescens produces a bright red pigment. The purpose of the pigment for this organism is unknown. Your g…

a) Mutators are rare in nature, even among pathogens. However, they are frequent

a) Mutators are rare in nature, even among pathogens. However, they are frequently encountered among bacteria that persist in chronic infections in conditions such as cystic fibro…

a) Name the scientists who demonstrated that DNA replication take place in a sem

a) Name the scientists who demonstrated that DNA replication take place in a semi-conservative manner in E. coli. b) Explain how they did this. c) Phosphorus is required to synthe…

a) One of the earliest examples of strong natural selection in the wild was indu

a) One of the earliest examples of strong natural selection in the wild was industrial melanism in peppered moths. Between 1848 and 1895, the dark morph (carbonaria) increased fro…

a) Primary achieves 65% suspended solids and 35% removal. What are the average B

a) Primary achieves 65% suspended solids and 35% removal. What are the average BOD and SS (1kg/day) entering the secondary treatment b) A complete mix activated sludge process is …

a) Relate the high folate diet of Native Mexican’s with their allele frequency o

a) Relate the high folate diet of Native Mexican’s with their allele frequency of the MTHFR that results in less conversion of folate to folic acid b) Discuss selective pressure F…

a) Scientists genetically engineered some fish so they contained a green fluores

a) Scientists genetically engineered some fish so they contained a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene that made them glow green. They introduced the gene construct shown below i…

a) Scientists genetically engineered some fish so they contained a green fluores

a) Scientists genetically engineered some fish so they contained a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene that made them glow green. They introduced the gene construct shown below i…

a) Some of the membrane proteins are associated with the outer phospholipid laye

a) Some of the membrane proteins are associated with the outer phospholipid layer of the plasma membrane and protrude out from the membrane sufficiently to allow exposed tyrosine …

a) State the basic equation by which quantitative phenotypic variation is partit

a) State the basic equation by which quantitative phenotypic variation is partitioned into genetic and environmental causes defining all terms. Then state the definition of broad …

a) Suppose you find a mutation (X) that you suspect is causing a genetic disease

a) Suppose you find a mutation (X) that you suspect is causing a genetic disease (D). Which of the following findings would increase your confidence that X is causing D? - Mutatio…

a) Suppose you have a plant with petals that are normally blue. Suddenly you see

a) Suppose you have a plant with petals that are normally blue. Suddenly you see some white-petaled plants. You cross the white with the blue and you get all an F1 population that…

a) Suppose you have a plasmid that has one site where the restriction enzyme Eco

a) Suppose you have a plasmid that has one site where the restriction enzyme EcoRI cuts. If you digest a sample of many molecules of this plasmid with EcoRI completely, what will …

a) The antagonistic action of hormones is essential to many processes in plants

a) The antagonistic action of hormones is essential to many processes in plants and animals. Discuss how the processes of cell division are controlled by antagonistic hormones in …

a) The bacteria that you will transform in step 5 would be __________________ pr

a) The bacteria that you will transform in step 5 would be __________________ prior to transformation. The type of medium that you would use for step 6 would be _________________.…

a) The center of low pressure is near Wausau, Wisconsin (See the L on the map),

a) The center of low pressure is near Wausau, Wisconsin (See the L on the map), with a pressure of 994.7 mb (947 on the map). Note the wind flags around this center of low pressur…

a) The characteristic symptoms of cholera are extensive loss of body fluids and

a) The characteristic symptoms of cholera are extensive loss of body fluids and Na+ through continuous debilitating diarrhea that can lead to severe dehydration. If untreated, the…

a) The following autosomal RFLP genotype frequencies were found in a sample of p

a) The following autosomal RFLP genotype frequencies were found in a sample of people from Thailand: Gene 1 3.7-kb homozygotes 0.16 2.9-/3.7-kb heterozygotes 0.48 2.9-kb homozygot…

a) The following two unbalanced reactions are important in the blast furnace pro

a) The following two unbalanced reactions are important in the blast furnace production of iron metal from iron ore, Fe2O3 . C (s) + O2 (g) ? CO(g) Fe2O3 (s) + CO(g) ? Fe + CO2 Ba…

a) The formation of a hairpin appears to be important for termination of transcr

a) The formation of a hairpin appears to be important for termination of transcription in E. coli (both rho-dependent and rho-independent). Design an experiment to test if the hai…

a) The frequency of a certain gene in a parasite population undergoes sinusodial

a) The frequency of a certain gene in a parasite population undergoes sinusodial cycles as a result of coevolution with its host. it reaches a maximum frequency of 80% and a minim…

a) The isoelectric point (pI) of the hormone insulin is 6.5. Suggest a modificat

a) The isoelectric point (pI) of the hormone insulin is 6.5. Suggest a modification of the insulin Bchain that makes it more insoluble at physiological pH, without significantly a…

a) The mRNA for growth hormone is processed and exported from the nucleus to the

a) The mRNA for growth hormone is processed and exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. b) The mRNA for growth hormone is translated by the ribosome using tRNAs to bring in th…

a) The rate of thermal expansion for 33 permil seawater is 0.00019/C . hints: Us

a) The rate of thermal expansion for 33 permil seawater is 0.00019/C . hints: Use this factor and the volume of the cuboid (problem 3) to determine the added volume caused by a 1C…