Do you expect the cell to produce more ATP from one glucose molecule or from one

Question

Do you expect the cell to produce more ATP from one glucose molecule or from one fatty acid molecule? Explain your answer. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false. the proteins of the electron-transport chain remove a pair of high-energy electrons from the cofactors NADH and FADH_2, after which the electrons move across the inner mitochondrial membrane to maintain the voltage gradient. Gluconeogenesis is a linear reaction pathway that the cell employs to generate glucose from pyruvate and is exactly the reverse of the reaction in the glycolytic pathway. With respect to the amount of energy stored in molecules of the body, 6 g of glycogen is the equivalent of 1 g of fat. Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves glucose monomers from the glycogen polymer, phosphorylating it at the same time so that it can be fed unchanged into the glycolytic pathway.

Explanation / Answer

13-40 A)TRUE
NADH and FADH2 lose their electrons,and the energy from those electrons is used to produce ATP.At the end of the electron transport chain,the energy of the glucose molecule is converted to a form that the cell can use to power cellular work.NADH and FADH2 interact with proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane,losing their electrons to them in the process.These electrons will move through a series of proteins in the membrane,which make up the electron transport chain.The oxidized NAD+ and FAD are then able to accept more electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to keep the process going.
B)FALSE
Glucose can be synthesized from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate and lactic acid,in the process of gluconeogenesis.Although glycolysis and gluconeogenesis have some of the same enzymes in common,the two pathways are not simply the reverse of each other.In particular,the highly exergonic,irreversible steps of glycolysis are bypassed in gluconeogenesis.Both pathways are stringently controlled by intercellular and intracellular signals,and they are reciprocally regulated so that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis do not take place simultaneously in the same cell to a significant extent.
C)TRUE
1 g of dry glycogen binds about 2 g of water.Consequently,a gram of nearly anhydrous fat stores more than six times as much energy as a gram of hydrated glycogen,which is likely the reason that triacylglycerols rather than glycogen were selected as the major energy reservoir.
D)FALSE
The glycogen phosphorylase cleaves glycogen into glucose 6 phosphate.The phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen is energetically advantageous because the released sugar is already phosphorylated and ready to enter into glycolytic pathway.In contrast,a hydrolytic cleavage would yield glucose,which would then have to be phosphorylated at the expense of the hydrolysis of a molecule of ATP to enter the glycolytic pathway.

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