Chapter 2 1. 2. 3. Describe the difference between the carbon and oxygen atoms W

Question

Chapter 2 1. 2. 3. Describe the difference between the carbon and oxygen atoms Why is an octet of electrons a stable configuration? Identify the type of bond and the product formula expected between potassium (k) and bromine (Br), and explain the basic nature of this bond. Show the resulting outer electron configurations of K and Br afterthe bond is formed Identify the type of bond and the product formula expected between magnesium (Mg) and chlorine (CI), and explain the basic nature of this bond. Show the resulting outerelectron configurations of Mg and Cl afterthe bond has formed Describe the type of bonding between carbon and chlorine What is an initiator and why is it important in a polymerization reaction? Why is it harderto make very long polymer chains using the condensation polymerization method than by using the addition polymerization method? Describe the bonding in a carbon-carbon double bond. Include in this description an explanation of the mechanism by which the various bonds are formed. What does the existence of a double bond tell about the other atoms bonded to the carbon atoms? Define monomerand polymer. Write typical polymericrepeating unit structures for both addition and condensation polymerization, and explain the various symbols contained therein. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Which polymerization method, addition or condensation, is expected to result in branched molecules? Why? 11. Describe cross-linking and the resultant properties that it will create 12. What is a copolymer and how are copolymers formed? 13. What is the molecular difference between thermoset and thermoplastic materials? 14. Achieving a high molecular weight was a major problem in the development of the nylon polymerization process. Why was this so?Suggest a method to overcome the problem. 15. Define a free radical, and explain why it is so reactive

Explanation / Answer

1.A carbon contain 6 proton in its nucleus whereas a oxygen contain 8 electron in its nucleus.

oxygen has smaller atomic radius than the carbon.

oxygen require more energy to remove an electron.

2.octet of electron has stable configuration because of its octet rule,according to this rule,tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electron in the valence shell.when the octet has less than eight electron,they tend to react.A complete octet is very stable because all orbitals will be full.

3.the bond between K and Br is an ionic bond.resulting the formation K+ and Br-. which are held by an electrostatic attraction.covalent bond occurs when electrons are shared by an atoms rather than transffered.due to K+ and Br - the basic nature of bond is neutral.

for Br- configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5

for K+ configuration 1s22s22p63s23p6

4.The bond between Mg and Cl is an ionic bond .and when they share electron then made the the covalent bond.

it made MgCl2.and acidic in nature

configuration of Mg2+ =1s22s22p63s2

configuration of Cl2- =1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 4

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