Conceptually, a sensor is a component with a single output as in illustration 7.

Question

Conceptually, a sensor is a component with a single output as in illustration 7. A sensor outputs a signal that varies over time. When dealing with signals that represent physical phenomena, we can think of a sensor as a device that converts energy from one form (heat, light, pressure etc) to another form (typically and electrical voltage). Which following parameters are important with sensors? 1- Range 2- Resolution 3- Signal Quality 4- S/N ratio

A) 2,4 B) 1,3 C) 1,2,3,4 D) 3,4

In Illustration 7, which is most representative of RAW signals that are obtained from sensors?
A) B
B) A
C) A&B
D) Neither

Explanation / Answer

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In the gien question, all four parameters are important for a sensor. The range of a sensor is the first quality that is seen when selecting a sensor. If a sensor is not able to capture the physics of the process at the extremes, it will result in a saturated signal at either end, giving wrong information about the process. The resolution of a sensor detemines the smallest change in the physical process that can be measured. This is extremely important, like for example in a heart beat sensor, which should be accurately able to determine the difference between beat rate of 70 per minute or 71 per minute. Signal Quality and S/N ratio are related quantities, which tell us about the noise factor in the signal. If the signal is heavily corrupted by noise, it will become very difficult to filter out the actual signal, reulting in error in readings. Thus the answer is C) 1,2,3,4

However, note that the qualities like sensor range and S/N ratio can be improved artioficially, by using amplifiers or attenuators before or after the sensor, and using high quality sensor instrumentation systems to eliminate noise.

Signal B is the most representative of RAW signals that are obtianed from a process. It contains high frequency noise, and is periodic, as is noted in most physical processes.

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