Consult with your laboratory instructor as to the procedure and schedule for sub

Question

Consult with your laboratory instructor as to the procedure and schedule for submitting your response to the following questions about periodic trends. Figure 11.1: Graphical data for the ionization energies of the elements show saw tooth trends across the period of the elements. a. Locate the noble gas group of elements. What appears to be the gas group (i.e., with increasing atomic number? B. Scanning the graphical data for elements adjacent to and then further removed from the halogens, what general can the trend in the ionization energies when moving down a group of elements? c. Which element has the highest ionization energy? d. What general statement can summarize the trend in the ionization energies when moving across a period of elements? Figure 11.2: Graphical data for the atomic the elements show generally decreasing trends radii of elements. The noble gases are an anomaly. a. Which of elements has the largest atomic radii? b. Moving down a group of elements (increasing atomic number), what is the general trend for atomic radii? c. Which element has the largest atomic radius? d. What general statement can summarize the correlation of ionization energies to atomic radii for the elements? Figure 11.3: Graphical data for the electron affinities of the elements show a number of irregularities, increasing trend in values exists across a period of elements a. Which group of elements has the highest electron affinities? b. Is the trend in electron affinities repetitive for Periods 2 and 3? Cite examples. c. Which element has the highest electron affinity? examples. d. Is there a correlation of electron affinities to atomic radii for the elements? If so, what is it? Cite examples. Figure 11.4 shows repeated trends in density for the periods of elements. a. What is the general trend in densities for Periods 2 and 3? b. What is the trend in the densities moving down a group of elements? c. Which section of the periodic table (see Introduction) has elements with greater densities? d. Which element has the greatest density?

Explanation / Answer

1. Ionization energy decreases down the noble gas group. Helium has the highest ionization energy, since it has the lowest Atomic radius in Group 18. When moving across a periodic table, Group 18 ( the noble gas group ) shows the maximum ionization energy owing to most stable electronic configuration.

2. Group 1 has the largest atomic radius. Down a group, Atomic Radii increases. Caesium has the highest atomic radii. Due to Lanthanide contraction, Francium has lower atomic radii than caesium.

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