Cell biology 6-11 Biological Relevance. Explain the biological relevance of each

Question

Cell biology

6-11 Biological Relevance. Explain the biological relevance of each of the following observations concerning enzyme regulation.

A) When you need a burst of energy, the hormones epinephrine and glucagon are secreted into your bloodstreamand circulated to your muscle cells, where they initiate a cascade of reactions that leads to the phosphorylation of the inactive b form of glycogen phosphorylase, thereby converting the enzyme into the active a form.

B) Even in the a form, glycogen phosphorylase is allosterically inhibited by a high concentration of glucose or ATP within a specific liver cell.

C) Your panceas synthesizes and secretes the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase in the form of an inactive precursor called procarboxypeptidase, which is activated as a result of proteolytic cleavage by the enzyme trypsin in the duodenum of your small intestine.

Explanation / Answer

a. because when glycogen phosphorylase will turn on, itwill degrade glycogen into glucose 1 phosphate which later enters glycolysis and krebs cycl and resulted into a lot of ATP and we get burst of energy because glycogen when broken down produce many glucose 1 phosphate molecule.

B. there is no use of ATP in breakdown of glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase, But since it is an energy currency and need to be stored. So at high concentration of ATP the enzyme GP allosterically inhibited and helps in avoiding the futile cycle of the glycogen breakdown. these ATP are present in high concentration so they favour tensed state.

C. Carboxypeptidase when activated  removes successive carboxyl-terminal residues from peptides, The resulting free amino acids is transported intosmall intestine epithelial lining and from where they enter blood capillaries in villi and then reach liver. They are involved in blood clotting, growth factor production, wound healing, reproduction etc.

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